Vocal Cord Paralysis

The inability of the vocal cord, a membranous flap of tissue in the larynx, to open or close properly with the passage of air. PARALYSIS may affect one vocal cord or both VOCAL CORDS. Paralysis that affects both vocal cords is rare and often affects BREATHING, as air cannot move freely through the THROAT. Symptoms include hoarseness, a “breathy” quality to the voice, diminished vocal volume, and occasionally throat PAIN. Vocal cord paralysis often develops without an identifiable cause, though also results from injury to the throat or nerves that supply the throat, BRAIN injury (such as trauma or from STROKE), and neurologic conditions such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS and PARKINSON’S DISEASE. People who use their voices extensively, such as singers and teachers, are especially prone to vocal cord paralysis.

The diagnostic path typically includes laryngoscopy to examine the larynx and vocal cords. Because vocal cord paralysis often goes away on its own, doctors often take a watchful waiting approach in combination with VOICE THERAPY to improve voice function and quality. If the paralysis continues, the otolaryngologist can inject a bulking agent such as collagen into the paralyzed cord. This closes the gap between the cords and encourages both sets of cords to vibrate equally. These measures improve, and often restore, vocal cord function.