Skin infections can range from a local superficial problem, such as IMPETIGO, to a widespread and more serious infection. Examples of bacterial skin infections include ECTHYMA, folliculitis, BOILS, CARBUNCLES, SCARLET FEVER, CELLULITIS, and so on. Viral infections with skin symptoms include HERPES, CHICKEN POX, SHINGLES, WARTS, MEASLES, GERMAN MEASLES, FIFTH DISEASE, and AIDS.

First recognized as a distinct condition in the mid-1800s, this disease has been incorrectly called by many different names, including Ritter’s disease or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Only recently was its cause discovered to be a toxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

This syndrome is primarily found in newborns and young children, where it has a fatality rate of less than 4 percent. Epidemics have occurred in contaminated nurseries, and the strain of bacteria may be transmitted by a carrier with no symptoms.

Symptoms
First symptoms usually include evidence of a primary staphylococcal infection, such as IMPETIGO, CONJUNCTIVITIS, EAR INFECTION, or sore throat with fever. The center of the face gets tender and the skin around the mouth becomes red, weeping, and crusting. The trunk also may be affected. In some patients the rash stabilizes, while in other cases flaccid blisters begin to develop all over the skin within 24 to 48 hours. Large areas of skin slough off, and hair or nails may be lost.

Treatment
Prompt administration of antibiotics is usually given in the hospital, since children often appear very ill with low fluid levels and risk of secondary infections. The skin is treated with wet dressings for crusted sites and antibiotic ointments. Patients usually heal without scarring within a week.