Benzoyl Peroxide
An antibacterial agent that is considered to be the most effective nonprescription ACNE treatment, suppressing the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes associated with acne. This extremely effective topical antibacterial agent draws peroxide into the pore where it releases oxygen, killing the bacteria that can aggravate acne. Benzoyl also suppresses fatty acid cells that irritate pores and helps to unplug blocked pores. It is most effective for teenagers with inflammatory acne; by inhibiting bacteria, it decreases the inflammation in the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide is usually sold in strengths ranging between 5 percent and 10 percent, but dermatologists usually advise patients to start with a 5 percent product. The lower concentration is just as effective and is less likely to cause irritation.
Most over-the-counter products contain benzoyl peroxide in a lotion base; the prescription items contain the chemical in a gel base. A fairly new prescription preparation combining 3 percent erythromycin with a 5 percent benzoyl peroxide in a gel base may be more effective than either component by itself.
Side Effects
Its safety for children under age 12 has not been established. Because benzoyl peroxide is a bleach, it will discolor most fabrics and hair. Most patients experience some burning, itching, or peeling, but benzoyl peroxide can produce a stronger reaction in some people with very sensitive or very fair skin. It is normal to experience a warm or stinging feeling, with some dryness or peeling, but if the skin turns very red, or there is pain, a lot of scaling, and swelling, an adverse reaction has occurred and the product should not be used.
The stronger the product, the greater the chance of a reaction. Benzoyl peroxide should never be applied near the eyes, where it can cause swelling or irritation. Hands should be thoroughly washed after using the product, and eyes should never be rubbed with contaminated fingers.
Some studies have reported that benzoyl peroxide is carcinogenic, although this conclusion is controversial and inconclusive.
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